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Superphosphate, Triple
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Published: August 2010
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Concentrated or triple superphosphate (TSP) is used exclusively as a fertilizer material. TSP is a solid single-nutrient phosphate fertilizer material produced from phosphate rock and phosphoric acid. The market for TSP exhibited a downward trend for many years, as ammonium phosphate materials accounted for virtually all of the growth in phosphate fertilizer consumption. However, since 2002, world production and apparent consumption have recovered to about the level recorded in 1993.
World TSP production is concentrated in the developing world. Africa, Socialist Asia, the Middle East, and Central and South America are the primary producers, together accounting for about 81% of world production in 2009. Several other regions are also large producers. Large production decreases have occurred in Western Europe, Southeast Asia and the United States since 1993. World trade in triple superphosphate is substantial, with imports accounting for about 58% of total world production in 2009.
The following pie chart shows world consumption of triple superphosphate:
TSP had been losing market share to ammonium phosphates, which accounted for essentially all of the growth in world phosphate fertilizer consumption for many years. Although TSP has a similar phosphate analysis to ammonium phosphates, it contains no other nutrients. Ammonium phosphates, on the other hand, also contain a significant amount of the most commonly used nutrient, nitrogen.
The outlook for the fertilizer market through 2014 is for a growing agricultural market. After farmers reduced applications of P and K fertilizers in the last two fertilizer seasons, P fertilizer demand is expected to grow substantially in the next few years. However, the outlook also points to major uncertainties, the most important being the evolution of the financial crisis, policy priorities in China, and subsidy schemes in India. However, TSP will benefit only to a limited extent from the generally positive outlook for growth of almost 4% annually in total P2O5 consumption. In 2009, only about 7% of all phosphate fertilizers was applied in the form of TSP. During the forecast period, the largest part of the additional capacity will be in the form of DAP.
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