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Nitrobenzene
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Published: February 2011
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Aniline, mostly for methylenebis(4-phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) production, accounts for nearly all world nitrobenzene consumption; minor applications include use as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, solvents and dyes, and use as a direct solvent. Since most MDI producers are captive in nitrobenzene/aniline, typically in integrated units, nearly all MDI expansions result in increased production and consumption of nitrobenzene/aniline. MDI is consumed in polyurethane (PU) foam, both rigid and flexible. Most rigid PU foam is used in construction and appliances while flexible PU foam is used primarily in furniture and transportation. As a result, consumption of nitrobenzene/aniline/MDI largely follows the patterns of the leading world economies and depends heavily on construction/remodeling activity (residential and nonresidential), automotive production and original equipment manufacture (OEM).
Between 2006 and 2010, world capacity for nitrobenzene grew at an average annual rate of 8%, while world consumption grew at an average annual rate of 5%. Robust demand in most regions, including Asia and Europe, was balanced by slower growth in North America.
The following pie chart shows world consumption of nitrobenzene:
World consumption of nitrobenzene grew at an average annual rate of approximately 6% during 2003–2010, the result of a recovering global economy during the mid-2000s and after the economic recession of 2009, and increased MDI capacity during this period. Strong Asian demand for all applications for MDI boosted world demand during 2003–2010. World consumption is forecast to grow at an average annual rate of 3% during 2010–2015. Continuing rapid demand growth in some regions, particularly in China, India, and Central and Eastern Europe, mainly as a result of the continued expansion of integrated nitrobenzene/aniline/MDI units, will balance slower growth in markets such as North America, Japan and the Republic of Korea.
Demand for nitrobenzene in the United States is forecast to grow at an average annual rate of approximately 1% during 2010–2015; however, average annual growth would be almost 4% per year accounting for recovery from the recession on a basis of 2009-2015. Softening demand in construction/remodeling activity and automotive production are also factors behind the modest growth forecast. U.S. housing starts and construction/remodeling activity declined after the housing collapse of 2007–2008, depressing demand for MDI. Nitrobenzene consumption recovery amounted to 18% from 2009 to 2010. Demand for nitrobenzene in Europe is forecast to grow at an average annual rate of 3% during 2010–2015. Asia is expected to experience the largest volume increases for nitrobenzene demand during 2010–2015, followed by Western Europe, and Central and Eastern Europe. Additional MDI capacity/production is the predominant factor for increased production and consumption of nitrobenzene/aniline.
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