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Ethylene Dichloride
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Published: April 2012
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Ethylene dichloride (EDC) is used primarily for the production of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM), which is itself used almost solely in the polymerization manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Most EDC plants are integrated with VCM plants. The VCM process generates considerable quantities of hydrogen chloride (HCl), which is then recycled in the oxychlorination process to generate more EDC. VCM can also be made by the hydrochlorination of acetylene. This process is not used much in the world except for China, where integrated coal chemical sites are under development.
The following pie chart shows world consumption of ethylene dichloride:
World consumption of EDC grew by about 2.4% per year from 1997 to 2007, but fell 7% in 2008 and another 2% before bottoming out in 2009. As the recovery proceeded, demand grew about 6% in 2010; another 3.5% increase is expected for 2011 as growth begins topping out. Even so, the level of consumption in 2011 is only expected to be even with the previous prerecession peak in 2007. While stronger growth is expected as the housing and construction crisis sees a more robust resolution in 2012–2014, six-year growth is expected to be less than 3% per year—about level with the period prior to the world recession.
Forecast growth of EDC varies with different geographies. Developed regions demonstrate slower growth rates than other areas, with Japan, the Republic of Korea and Western Europe demonstrating growth of under 1% per year through 2016. Major EDC/VCM expansions are planned in the Middle East, Russia and China, but many plans have been delayed or cancelled as a result of the 2008–2009 economic crisis. In China, expansion of acetylene-based technology has not been curbed by the volatility in oil prices, with growth slated at 7–8% per year. However, the ethylene and EDC route to VCM should show the fastest (double-digit per year) growth as it is more environmentally friendly and sustainable. As a result, China may satisfy its growing demand for PVC by continuing to import substantial quantities of EDC, EDC-derived VCM and/or PVC.
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