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Calcium Chloride
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Published: May 2012
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Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is a salt, appearing as a white crystal. It is commercially available as anhydrous and dihydrate flakes, pellets and powder, or as a 30–45% solution. Calcium chloride is produced by refining naturally occurring brine, by neutralizing hydrochloric acid with limestone, or as a by-product from the Solvay process of synthetic sodium carbonate (soda ash) production. The major applications for calcium chloride include road deicing, dust control, and oil extraction and completion fluids.
The following pie chart shows world consumption of calcium chloride:
Tetra is the leading supplier of calcium chloride. Including the capacities of producers that have their material sold and marketed, the company's combined European and U.S. capacities account for close to 20% of global capacity. The second-largest producer is Oxy Chem. With its large production plant in the United States it accounts for an estimated share of 16% of global capacity.
With high energy prices continuing for the foreseeable future, it is most economical to produce calcium chloride using starting material from brine wells. Production through HCl neutralization of limestone bears the risk of an insecure supply of HCl and its rising price level, whereas by-product CaCl2 from the Solvay process needs purification steps as well as comparably large quantities of heat to concentrate the solution to useful levels.
Total consumption of calcium chloride is expected to slightly increase during 2011–2016, mostly because of expected increases in the oil recovery segment, as well as increasing use in dust control and other industrial applications in Asia.
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